
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X1. Additional results: controlling for average territorial autonomy.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A1)</td><td>Min. (model A2)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A3)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A4)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-2.502<sup>*</sup></td><td>-1.547<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.128</td><td>-0.954</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.986)</td><td>(0.557)</td><td>(0.639)</td><td>(0.610)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy (mean)</td><td>1.667</td><td>0.761</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.303)</td><td>(0.757)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy (mean, of min.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.395<sup>†</sup></td><td>1.375<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.748)</td><td>(0.759)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.535<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.567)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.177<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.435</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.294)</td><td>(0.411)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.102</td><td>-0.778<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.454)</td><td>(0.463)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.643</td><td>0.664</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.522)</td><td>(0.471)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.628</td><td>2.091</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.027)</td><td>(1.295)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.563</td><td>1.702</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.841)</td><td>(1.869)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.312</td><td>-0.349</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.900)</td><td>(0.926)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.145</td><td>3.089<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.524)</td><td>(0.913)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.811<sup>**</sup></td><td>2.714<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.017)</td><td>(1.077)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-1.117<sup>***</sup></td><td>-1.038<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.321)</td><td>(0.335)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.207</td><td>0.208</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.305)</td><td>(0.299)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.378<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.257<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.292<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.305<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.083)</td><td>(0.097)</td><td>(0.120)</td><td>(0.117)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.018</td><td>0.114</td><td>0.463<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.444<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.092)</td><td>(0.128)</td><td>(0.152)</td><td>(0.146)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.507</td><td>0.692<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.949<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.877<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.508)</td><td>(0.299)</td><td>(0.522)</td><td>(0.523)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.053</td><td>0.155</td><td>-0.092</td><td>-0.088</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.148)</td><td>(0.166)</td><td>(0.194)</td><td>(0.184)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.210<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.104</td><td>-0.205<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.179<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.084)</td><td>(0.113)</td><td>(0.095)</td><td>(0.091)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.433<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.820<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.424<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.344</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.174)</td><td>(0.224)</td><td>(0.232)</td><td>(0.234)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.109</td><td>-0.210</td><td>-0.031</td><td>-0.014</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.136)</td><td>(0.129)</td><td>(0.204)</td><td>(0.202)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>0.268</td><td>-1.445<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.353</td><td>0.386</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.713)</td><td>(0.688)</td><td>(0.532)</td><td>(0.533)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>0.120</td><td>0.160</td><td>0.877</td><td>0.908</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.999)</td><td>(1.344)</td><td>(1.141)</td><td>(1.099)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.548<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.357</td><td>0.281</td><td>0.303</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.290)</td><td>(0.334)</td><td>(0.232)</td><td>(0.222)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.508<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.478<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.112)</td><td>(0.123)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.030<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.023<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.012)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.0003</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.944<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.299<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.258)</td><td>(0.517)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.215<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.210<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.069)</td><td>(0.071)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.011</td><td>0.010</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.010)</td><td>(0.010)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0002</td><td>-0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.048<sup>**</sup></td><td>1.002<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.366)</td><td>(0.367)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>1.296</td><td>1.509</td><td>-22.711<sup>***</sup></td><td>-23.509<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.428)</td><td>(2.201)</td><td>(2.824)</td><td>(2.895)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>26,082</td><td>152,377</td><td>203,208</td><td>203,208</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-1,089.604</td><td>-1,515.285</td><td>-1,552.210</td><td>-1,535.250</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>2,291.208</td><td>3,142.569</td><td>3,224.419</td><td>3,192.501</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
